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Famous Turks Series -- Esra Keskinol, Model and Aspiring Actress

Famous Turk...

The 5 Common Uses of the 'den' Suffix

Suffixy Sentence Examples...

In Turkey - Türkiye'de

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A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix --
***To denote directional meaning***
Meaning of 'den'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
'from'	none	Hüseyin got the car out of (from) the garage and brought it to the front of the house.	Hüseyin arabayı garajdan çıkardı ve evin önüne getirdi.
'from'	none	Mrs. Dalrimple buys fresh bread and cake from the bakery on Thursdays.	Bayan Dalrimple Perşembe günleri fırından taze kek ve ekmek alır.
'from'	none	You're now [here] at the school. Leave (from) the school and turn left. A little further on there's a traffic signal. Turn right at (from) the traffic signal and walk on a little. Then turn (from the) left at the first road and go straight. The first big building on the right hand side is the library.	Şimdi okuldasınız. Okuldan çıkın ve sola dönün. Biraz ilerde trafik ışığı var. Trafik ışığından sağa dönün ve biraz yürüyün. Sonra ilk yoldan sola dönün ve doğru gidin. Sağ tarafta ilk büyük bina kütüphanedir.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix --
**Mandatory or frequent use with certain verbs**
(but 'den' has no meaning at all, in these cases)
Use/Meaning of 'den'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
Meaningless, but frequent use with some verbs, like 'memnun(mak)'	none	I'm glad to return home again.	Tekrar eve dönmekten memnunum.
Meaningless, but frequent use with some verbs, like '(yukarı) çıkmak'	none	He went up the ladder.	Merdivenden yukarı çıktı.
Meaningless, but frequent use with some verbs, like 'geçmek'	none	They always go by (pass) the post office.	Her zaman postanenin yanından (önünden) geçerler.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like 'söz etmek'	none	It's said that you can find a ghost in the old castle.	Eski şatoda bir hayalet bulunduğundan söz ediliyor.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like 'korkmak'	none	Don't be afraid to talk to the boss.	Patronla konuşmaktan korkma.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like 'nefret etmek'	none	I hate cold weather.	Soğuk havadan nefret ediyorum.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like 'hoşlanmak'	none	I liked Paris in the Autumn.	Son baharda Paristen hoşlandım.
Meaningless, but mandatory use with some verbs, like 'yararlanmak'	none	Studying is easier when you can make good use of the large public libraries.	Büyük halk kitaplıklarından yararlanılabildiği zaman çalışma daha kolaydır.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix --
**In comparative or relational constructions**
Use/Meaning of 'den'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	I like Gümüldür much more than New Yawk City. [Compared to NYC, I like Gümüldür much more.]	Gümüldürü New Yawk City'den daha çok beğeniyorum.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	We never have more money than we need. [Compared to our needs, it's never possible (to have) too much of our money.]	Hiç bir zaman ihtiyacımızdan fazla paramız olmaz.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	Mary loves him more than I do. [Compared to my loving him, Mary loves (him) more.]	Mary onu benim sevdiğimden daha çok seviyor.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	He's going to be taller than his father. [Compared to his father, he'll be taller.]	Babasından daha uzun boylu olacak.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	John is smarter than either one of his brothers. [Compared to both his brothers, John is smarter.]	John (erkek) kardeşlerinin ikisinden (her biriden) de daha zekidir.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	His eldest son is five years older than the youngest son. [Compared to his youngest son, the eldest son is 5 years older.]	En büyük (yaşlı) oğul onun en küçük erkek kardeşinden beş yaş daha büyük.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	My Dad says we are to spend no more than 50 cents. [My dad says we can't spend one kuruş (old Turkish monetary unit) more than 50 cents.] [My father, "In relation to 50 cents, you can't spend one kuruş more," he says.]	Babam, elli sentten bir kuruş fazla harcamayacaksınız, diyor.
As a Comparison/Relation Facilitator	none	Mary is too young for John to marry. [In relation to John, Mary is so young that she can not marry with him.]	Mary, John'dan onunla evlenemeyecek kadar küçüktür.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix --
**In Idiomatic 'post-position' Constructions**
Meaning of 'den' construction	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
'-meden/madan' (without)	none	He spoke impulsively (without thinking).	Düşünmeden söyledi.
'-den/dan' (since)	bu yana	She's been in bed with the flu since Saturday.	Cumartesiden bu yana gripten yataktaydı.
'-meden/madan ...' (before)	önce	Five minutes before we left, I became ill.	Biz ayrılmadan beş dakika önce, rahatsız oldum.
'-dikten/dıktan ...' (besides, apart from doing, in addition to doing)	başka	In addition to learning this song, he can sing it well too.	O bu şarkıyı öğrendikten başka iyi de söyler.
'-madıktan ...' (besides, apart from doing, in addition to doing)	başka	Besides being unable to speak Turkish, you don't know English either!	Türkçe konuşamadıktan başka, ingilizce de bilmezsin!
'-diğinden ...' (besides the fact, apart from the fact, in addition to the fact)	başka	Apart from the fact that he doesn't pay the rent, he's a very nice tenant.	Ev kirasını ödemediğinden başka, aksine iyi de bir kiracı.
'-meden ...' (before)	evvel	Don't light the Christmas tree lights before I get there.	Ben gelmeden evvel Noel ağacının ışıklarını açmayınız.

A Common Use of the 'den' Suffix --
***In Certain 'Modern' Word and Phrase Interpretations***
Note: There is a thin line that determines whether an entry appears in ***this*** section or
in the ***former*** section (Idiomatic 'post-position' Constructions).
To help us make the determination, we used the word search feature of the Redhouse CD Dictionary.
And when, for example, we performed a word search for the word 'elinden',
*we did find* **a specific dictionary listing** for it -- so, you'll see 'elinden' in ***this*** section.
On the other hand, when we performed a CD word search for 'düşünmeden' we came up empty --
there was ***no specific*** entry for it in the Redhouse Dictionary.
But it's still an **important** example, so we included ***that*** word in the ***former*** section.
Modern word or phrase with 'den/dan'	Helper word	English Example	Turkish Translation
'neden' (reason, cause)	ile	There's no battery! That's the reason (with that reason) the flashlight won't work.	Pil yok! Fener o neden ile (nedenle) calışamaz.
'bakımından' (from the point of view of)	none	The house is in a beautiful spot, but it's no good from a traffic point of view.	Ev çok güzel bir yerde, ama trafik bakımından iyi değil.
'doğrudan' (directly)	none	Go directly to 'GO'.	'GO'ya doğrudan gidin!
'elinden' (because of)	none	"I'm done for, sergeant, done for -- because of you!" (A line from a Turkish folksong.)	"Yandım çavuş yandım senin elinden!" Devrik Cümlesi? Yes!
'aniden' (suddenly)	none	Suddenly, the fat man exploded.	Aniden şişko adam patladı.
'durmadan' (without stopping)	none	He drank the whole glass of whisky without stopping.	Bütün viski bardağını durmadan içti.
'cidden' (seriously)	none	Seriously, son. It's time you got a job.	Cidden, oğlum. Bir iş bulman lazım.
'dünden' (eagerly, 'from yesterday')	none	He has eagerly wanted to marry her.	Onunla evlenmeye dünden razı idi.
'sıradan' (ordinary, middling, mediocre)	none	We watched a very ordinary film on TV last night.	Dün gece çok sıradan bir film seyrettik.
'kararlamadan' (by estimating roughly)	none	By estimating roughly, add a cup of sugar to the cake.	Keke kararlamadan bir fincan kadar şeker ilave et.
'çekinmeden' (without hesitating)	none	Without hesitating, Gus jumped on his horse and rode off.	Gus, çekinmeden ata binip gitti.
'durup dinlenmeden' (without a break, continuosly)	none	They studied for 5 hours without a break.	Durup dinlenmeden beş saat [ders] çalıştılar.
'bu yüzden' (for this reason, because of this, therefore)	none	For this reason, Johnson died.	Johnson, bu yüzden öldü.
'deminden' (just now, a moment ago)	beri	I told you to shut up a little while ago, but you're still talking.	Deminden beri sana sus diyorum, hala konuşuyorsun.
'gibilerden' (as if to say, along the lines of)	none	He winked as if he wanted to say, "Well done."	İyi ettin gibilerden göz kırptı. From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'gibilerden' (as if to say, along the lines of)	none	Write an article along the lines of, "The arms race should be stopped."	Silahlanma yarışı durdurulmalıdır gibilerden bir makale yazın. From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'yalandan' (pretending)	none	The swindler pretended to cry.	Üçkağıtçı yalandan ağladı. From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'yalandan' (do something in a slipshod manner)	none	Just give the windows a quick swipe and let it go at that!	Yalandan pencereleri bir siliver gitsin! From Redhouse CD Dictionary
'çok geçmeden' (soon, before long)	none	I soon got used to (car) driving in Turkey. [whoop! whoop! hahahahahahahahahahaha!]	Ben çok geçmeden Türkiyede araba kullanmaya alıstım.
'den' (tact) O.K. So, 'den' isn't a suffix here. It's an ordinary noun. But what kinda mail would we get -- should you run across it, and we hadn't mentioned it...? huuuhhh?	none	Caligula was a tactless fellow.	Caligula densiz bir adamdı.
'denden' (ditto marks) another mis-leading noun...	none	"On a printed form, a 'ditto' sign is used on the line below (instead of the word or word group from the preceding line) for providing an easy way to avoid repeated writing of the same word or word group."	"Bir çizelgede alt alta gelen aynı söz veya söz gruplarının birkaç kez yazılmasını önleyerek kolaylık sağlamak için birinci satırın altındakiler yerine kulanılan 'denden' işareti." From Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlük

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